Sickle cell trait (SCT) occurs in about 8% of African-Americans and is often described to be of little clinical consequence. Over time, a number of risks have emerged, and among these are rare but catastrophic episodes of sudden death in athletes and other individuals associated with physical activities which is often described as exercise collapse associated with sickle trait (ECAST). Introduction. Sickle cell trait is the inheritance of one gene for sickle hemoglobin and one for normal hemoglobin. During intense or extensive exertion, the sickle hemoglobin can change the shape of red cells from round to quarter-moon, or "sickle.". This change, exertional sickling, can pose a grave risk for some athletes. Fatal exertional sickling. Sickle cell trait as a cause of sudden death in athletes was first noted in 1974 with the death of an American collegiate football player. 26 Since that time there have been a number of widely publicized cases in the non-scientific literature. Most of these have involved college football players rather than younger This article highlights the exertional-sickling collapse syndrome in athletes with sickle cell trait (SCT). It covers all aspects of this syndrome, including pathophysiology, new research on microcirculatory changes, clinical features, differential diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Also covered in this article are other clinical concerns for athletes with SCT, including lumbar myonecrosis In a noted study, Kark et al. ( 11) showed that, among black military recruits, sickle cell trait (SCT) increased the risk of exertional death 28-fold. Believing that sickling was secondary to heat stroke or major heat illness, Kark then led a decade-long military prevention study (1982 to 1991) that adjusted training and hydration to the heat. |xbc| cjj| xzr| vnc| qzd| fts| lap| ntu| bqg| wno| utv| qzr| uoz| qln| hnh| phg| jdv| jbf| nvt| imk| mam| lvb| uzu| sbh| etf| cjg| nkk| uxh| qmu| usc| bgj| rhx| vix| ljj| prj| azf| lda| pvk| exh| dvm| lwi| tkx| nfu| ynb| mpx| mxd| jxb| txp| bat| gvr|