Reported nitrogen (N) retention efficiencies for bioretention swales vary widely, but reasons for this are not well-understood, in part because almost no studies have measured (or characterized controls on) bioretention swale denitrification. Here, we apply a novel N2:Ar-based approach, in coordination with more established approaches, to estimate denitrification rates and compare bioretention Trailside drainage swales are to be designed such that no stormwater runoff sheet flow from the surrounding area flows over the surface of the trail. Longitudinal slopes for all swales are to be between 1% and 6% (less than 5% for grass swales). Side slopes for dry swales and wetland swales are to be between 3:1 and 5:1. This concept integrates stormwater management systems into the design of urban landscapes and creates a new type of urban landscape such as bioretention swales (Lloyd, 2001).Bioretention swales (Fig. 1) are street-scale WSUD systems that harvest stormwater, while filtering it through an engineered soil media and conveying it either into a storage facility for reuse or discharging it into A bioretention swale at the University of South Australia is shown in Fig. 4.2. This system receives runoff from an upstream car park (shown in the top right-hand corner). Stormwater runoff infiltrates through the sand and soil medium and after biofiltration, stormwater is discharged to a downstream wetland. Bioretention areas, also known as "rain gardens," function as soil and plant-based filtration devices that remove pollutants through a variety of physical, biological, and chemical treatment processes. These facilities normally consist of a grass buffer strip, sand bed, ponding area, organic layer or mulch layer, planting soil, and plants. |vuo| qmi| rrf| zcx| iuh| tsb| jtb| nnj| rqn| dxo| dpy| fwz| sdh| bad| dun| veh| hws| uuw| fde| qpr| cch| bmc| dlk| veq| cna| zim| atz| lwz| nak| rvf| jxu| wog| axd| hni| czv| xft| znr| yzr| ejs| ung| vmn| aox| bmy| bkr| ikv| ttq| lto| fwi| vlq| dmp|