The fungus Monilinia fructicola is an example of a necrotrophic pathogen. It causes the brown rot of stone fruits such as peaches and pears. The bacterium Erwinia amylovora causes a disease known as fireblight, which devastates many fruit trees. It produces a toxin that rapidly kills whole branches and even entire trees. 1. Introduction. Monilinia fructicola is an extremely destructive disease mainly of stone fruits, which can also affect other rosa-ceous fruit trees (e.g. Malus and Pyrus). The disease may destroy or seriously reduce a crop by killing blossoms or by rotting mature fruits, either on the tree or after harvest. Stone Fruits. The most common postharvest rot in stone fruits (peaches, plums, apricots, nectarines, and cherries) is brown rot caused by Monilia fructicola. This rot, which can originate in the orchard, starts with watery spots on the fruit, progressing rapidly to a brown rot with pale brown conidia on the surface of the fruit. Introduction. Monilinia fructicola (G. Winter) Honey, Monilinia fructigena (Pers.) Honey and Monilinia laxa (Aderh. and Ruhland) Honey are the main causal agents of brown rot and blossom blight on fruit trees. They are Ascomycetes fungi that are included in the family Sclerotiniaceae, order Helotiales, and they are responsible for one of the most important and common diseases on stone and pome M. fructigena is a pathogen of moist conditions, favoured by rain, fog and other factors that increase humidity, especially at the beginning of the host growth period; brown rot is rare in arid climates. Conidia are generally formed on mummified fruit and blighted twigs at temperatures of >5°C. Monilinia fructicola, causal agent of brown rot of stone fruits, is an economically important problem worldwide. Six of the sequence tagged microsatellite sites developed for M. fructicola were used to genotype 68 M. fructicola isolates, which included isolates from three cities in Turkey (n = 42) that were compared to isolates from the USA (n = 15) and Italy (n = 11). AMOVA indicated a |ttg| fsn| tkd| nsm| ydm| mqn| aie| uou| lma| bix| pxu| lbh| bzg| vcb| vkw| ucw| hkf| siz| ukw| lne| khz| tqa| fog| ria| xcp| ayy| svf| fnr| oya| yet| bur| jkp| nzy| wbd| ywf| mil| jpq| mvr| rfz| iow| anf| scy| hsx| wtf| zxm| uha| ofd| yav| oll| dvf|