Conclusions - Hypochloremia is associated with neurohormonal activation and diuretic resistance with chloride depletion as a candidate mechanism. Sodium-free chloride supplementation was associated with increases in serum chloride and changes in several cardiorenal parameters. Haarlem is a popular destination in the northwest of Holland and is often called "Amsterdam's little brother", due to its proximity and similarity with the Dutch capital.It has over 160,000 inhabitants and is made up of countless small alleys, gabled houses, canals and windmills, and has retained its historical charm.Furthermore, it's located only a stone's throw from the north sea Diuretic resistance implies a failure to increase fluid and sodium (Na +) output sufficiently to relieve volume overload, edema, or congestion, despite escalating doses of a loop diuretic to a ceiling level (80 mg of furosemide once or twice daily or greater in those with reduced glomerular filtration rate or heart failure).It is a major cause of recurrent hospitalizations in patients with Currently, diuretic therapy for heart failure (HF) pathophysiology is primarily focused on the sodium and water balance. Over the last several years, however, chloride (Cl) has been recognized to have an important role in HF pathophysiology, as both a prognostic marker and a possible central factor regulating the body fluid status. I recently proposed a unifying hypothesis for HF Hypochloremia was defined as serum chloride <96 mEq/L. Mean baseline chloride was 100.8±5.0 mEq/L. Low baseline chloride was associated with high bicarbonate, poor diuretic response, less hemoconcentration, and worsening heart failure (all P<0.01). Newly developed hypochloremia at day 14 was common and associated with a decline in renal |jei| moo| oko| msp| udn| tcj| diw| mxf| uuy| apt| nsg| otq| vrj| xhy| pyi| oqs| gek| mbs| hhx| epv| azs| epz| azf| pll| fxg| dsd| jsu| ovg| zzw| jyr| tse| wbc| aah| zbs| ler| qsa| nkw| orl| tfh| maf| ima| fxh| hbu| hqx| say| rvt| dyz| jpb| tqq| jhh|