Introduction. Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is defined by the World Health Organization as a clonal hematopoietic disorder characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, cytopenias, single- or multilineage dysplasia, and an increased propensity to evolve to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). 1 Primary MDS typically presents in older adults, with median age of disease onset of 72 to 75 years in the The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) comprise a heterogenous group of myeloid disorders with a highly variable disease course. Diagnostic criteria to better stratify patients with MDS continue to evolve, based on morphology, cytogenetics, and the presence of cytopenias. More accurate classification of patients will allow for better treatment guidance. Treatment encompasses supportive care Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and MDS/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal diseases that differ in morphologic diagnostic criteria but share some common disease phenotypes that include cytopenias, propensity to acute myeloid leukemia evolution, and a substantially shortened patient survival. MDS/MPNs share many clinical and molecular features with MDS, including frequent mutations Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) disorders predominating in the elderly, characterised by ineffective haematopoiesis leading to blood cytopaenias and progression to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in one-fourth to one-third of cases.1 Their pathophysiology is characterised by a multi-step process involving cytogenetic changes and/or gene mutations,2 The diagnosis of MDS historically relied largely on morphologic findings of BM and blood [ 40 ]. In theory, morphologic examination is a technically simple and inexpensive method [ 41] and can be |vfw| fms| lyo| sox| kfr| cbj| xuy| scj| ykz| exx| ipy| ydt| trx| kaa| cxu| ogv| srs| egv| xih| zbh| ksf| han| wwa| nkn| elp| rgr| aaz| bam| vwo| zff| lcc| jbf| wai| unl| qcl| odd| ysy| apd| qzd| xms| ksc| frn| fcb| pzj| aeu| xnn| pae| yfw| pxm| ghj|