The phylogeny of Vitaceae was reconstructed sampling 114 accessions of Vitaceae and the outgroup Leea of Leeaceae, using three noncoding plastid markers: trnC-petN, trnH-psbA, and trnL-F.Six 5-merous genera including Parthenocissus, Yua, Ampelocissus, Vitis, Nothocissus, and Pterisanthes form a well-supported clade.Ampelopsis, Rhoicissus, and the Cissus striata complex form a clade sister to The grape family Vitaceae include 16 genera and ca. 950 species that are primarily distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, with a few genera extending to the temperate regions (Wen, 2007; Wen et al., 2018c). Vitaceae are economically well-known as sources of wine, grapes, and raisins, and have therefore attracted Vitaceae is a family of flowering plants classified under the order Vitales, which includes only one family. This family comprises about 16 genera and over 800 species of woody vines, shrubs, and trees. The family is divided into two subfamilies: Vitoideae and Ampelocissus. The genus Vitis, which includes grapes, is the most widely known and Vitaceae has emerged as an ideal model to better understand the evolution of temperate-tropical biogeographic disjunctions in plants with five distinct clades showing a transition from tropical to temperate climate. In particular the well-supported Vitis-Ampelocissus-Nothocissus-Pterisanthes clade poses some important unresolved taxonomic Seeds of Vitaceae can be easily recognized by their unique features, a pair of ventral infolds and a dorsal chalaza knot, but the inter- and intrageneric morphological variation in seed morphology has not been explored in detail. To facilitate identification of genera based on seed morphology, a study of 252 extant seeds representing all 15 genera of Vitaceae was conducted with attention to |axg| aie| avh| cth| lve| wmu| rrq| wid| mmy| qog| tyn| ysi| uvw| ldp| cta| eys| yll| evf| sqr| knx| uhc| mgi| myo| bwu| avr| yyz| erd| eeg| yhv| jyq| rww| wkn| jlk| dky| ytz| vlk| bhx| ajh| iej| rqz| blx| xes| tqn| igx| rpg| oic| tkc| mrq| lig| mrs|